As the deer longs for water (Psalm 42)

This is an undated psalm and not attributed to David.

The tone seems to be of someone who used to go to the temple of God, but not longer does. The psalmist actually states it in verse 4, but no details are given. In my speculation, that could easily fit with the closing of the temple during the reign of King Ahaz. Or, perhaps it was written during the Bablyonian captivity. Either way, it would give an historical background context that underscores his emotions. This psalm might also give an interesting insight as to what people felt during those times.

He feels God is distant because he no longer goes to the temple. He longs for God and feels this distant. He is taunted by his foes and his body is agony. But yet, the psalmist remains optimistic that God will restore the balance.

Sure enough, the temple was later reopened by King Hezekiah.