The Israelites are about to enter the Land, perhaps even this very day they will cross into Jordan. Likewise, this could very well be the last day of Moses' life.
God explains why the Israelites get the Land at the expense of the current inhabitants. It is not because the Israelites are so great, but rather because the current inhabitants are wicked, in addition to the oath with Abrahams.
We also get a recount of the Golden Calf incident. God was about to destroy Aaron as well, but Moses' pleading to God saved Aaron's life. Afterwards, Moses had to chisel out two new tablets, on which God wrote.
Another interesting tidbit - God is the only name on which they can do vows. They are not to make vows or swear things under other names. I assume God has in mind things like "I swear to Baal that...". But I don't think God wants us to casually say things like "I swear to Jesus that..."
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