It is the Feast of the Dedication (Hanukkah). We do not know how many times Jesus observed it, but it is the last one before he will die at the next Passover. We actually do not know if Jesus observed it, but he is in Jerusalem during it.
The Jews encounter Jesus in Jerusalem. They ask him if he is the Christ. Jesus says that he said so before and has done many miracles to support this claim. He then explains that he is the Son of God and the Jews pick up stones to kill him. They want to kill him because he claims to be God.
In response, Jesus cites Psalm 82:6. Psalm 82 is a strange psalm which discusses God's judgment over a a great assembly. In verse 6, God seems to call anyone is a son of God to be "god". However, in verse 7, these "gods" will die like men.
Why does Jesus mention it here? The implicit statement is that Jesus means that even within the psalms, there is an extra spiritual to anyone who is a "son of God". This could be a reflection of the image of God imparted on all humanity in lineage with Adam. However, we "humans" know that we are not "gods" in the sense that we are aware of our own mortality. Jesus was aware of this himself.
That said, it is a strange statement and a little hard to parse.
Regardless, the crowd still wanted to kill Jesus. He somehow - perhaps miraculously - escapes and goes ack to the Jordan where he was baptized. There, other people come to believe in Jesus.
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