Jesus is still at the home where he healed the man who was demon-possessed, deaf, and mute. The Pharisees ask him for a miraculous sign. Jesus responds by saying that this "wicked" generation asks for a sign, but none will age given it except the Sign of Jonah. As Jonah was in the belly of the fish for 3 days and 3 nights, so shall the Son of Man lay in the belly for 3 days and 3 nights.
We do not know the spirit of this specific Pharisees question. We know that some of them are plotting to trap Jesus, but Jesus still eats with them, showing that maybe not all of them are plotting. On one hand, they just had a sign - the man was healed. In some ways, Jesus is responding to that. On one level, he calls them a wicked generation because they have had a many signs, yet still ask for more.
But in all fairness to the Pharisees, the interaction about Beelzebub indicates that they might think that only the devil can command demons to leave people. So, the question to Jesus could just be ask for proof that he is not in leagues with the devil. This would be a question of discernment and it is appropriate and even necessary, then and now, to ask Jesus to breakthrough on this.
The answer Jesus gives might indicate what the question was really asking. Jesus talks about the resurrection. Other prophets have come and gone, but only Jesus is the Messiah. Only the Messiah can overcome death, as indicated by the Resurrection. So, Jesus' answer about the Resurrection means that Jesus was answering the question - gives us a sign that you are the Messiah.
The sign of Jonah, I.e., the Resurrection, is not just sign to this wicked generation (Pharisees), but also the whole world.
Back to the story, Jesus further discusses Jonah and Solomon. In particular, how respective contemporaries of their time respected them, but Jesus is greater than both. The last statement about Solomon ("one greater than Solomon is here") could refer to greatness of Solomon's wisdom, since it is what prompted the Queen of Sheba to visit.
However, given the context of supernatural authority, power, and ability, some think it might also refer to a non-canonical book called the Wisdom of Solomon. In that book, Solomon is accredited for commanding demons to build the temple of God.
Back to the story, Jesus returns to discussing evil spirits. He uses the analogy that after a demon has been kicked out of a person, it cannot find rest, so it goes back to the person from whom it came. There, it finds it hospitable, so it invites seven other demons to enter within it, making the man's condition worse than before.
On one hand, this story ties back with the discussion of the strongman and Beelzebub. Jesus answers the question in that parable about what is the "home". The home is the person. It also suggests that demons cannot find rest unless they are invading a person's life. It also means that they are coordinated, which goes ties back to the Beelzebub story, in that they do not fight each other.
For the Pharisees and the "wicked generation", it means that rejecting Jesus will make things worse for them. What comes to mind to me is that within this "generation", about 35 years later, Emperor Nero will clamp down hard during the Jewish revolt. As a result, many Jews were massacred and the temple in Jerusalem was destroyed.
If we take that meaning, that means whatever punishment exacted on the Jewish people for rejecting Jesus was directed to that "generation" and that generation alone. In other words, anti-Semitic action by later Christian generations against later Jewish generations on account of Jesus is wrong.
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